> Concisely, $\Sigma = E[(Z − \mu )(Z − \mu )^{⊤}]$, where $\mu $ is the mean value of the (column) vector $Z$. Show that the covariance matrix is always positive semidefinite (PSD)...
> Show the Equation $$\max_{\lambda_i \ge 0}\; \min_{w,\alpha}\; \|w\|^2 - \sum_{i=1}^n \lambda_i\bigl(y_i(\mathbf{x}_i\cdot \mathbf{w} + \alpha) - 1\bigr) \tag{3} $$ > can be rewritten as the...